Simulating Sea‐Ice Deformation in Viscous‐Plastic Sea‐Ice Models With CD‐Grids

Abstract Linear kinematic features (LKFs) are found everywhere in the Arctic sea‐ice cover. They strongly localized deformations often associated with formation of leads and pressure ridges. In viscous‐plastic (VP) models, simulation LKFs depends on several factors such as grid resolution, numerical solver convergence, placement variables mesh. this study, we compare two recently proposed discretization a CD‐grid respect to their ability reproduce LKFs. The first (CD1) is based nonconforming finite element discretization, whereas second (CD2) uses conforming subgrid discretization. To analyze resolution properties, evaluate runs from different models (e.g., FESOM, MPAS) benchmark problem using quadrilateral, hexagonal triangular meshes. Our findings show that CD1 setup simulates more deformation structure than CD2 setup. This highlights importance type spatial for Due higher number degrees freedom, both CD‐grids resolve traditional A, B, C‐grids at fixed mesh level. an advantage approach, high needed VP simulate